James Fallows

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James Mackenzie Fallows (born August 2, 1949) is an American writer and journalist. He has been a national correspondent for The Atlantic Monthly for many years. His work has also appeared in Slate, The New York Times Magazine, The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker and The American Prospect, among others. He is a former editor of U.S. News & World Report, and as President Jimmy Carter's chief speechwriter for two years was the youngest person ever to hold that job.
Fallows has been a visiting professor at a number of universities in the U.S. and China, and holds the Chair in U.S. Media at the United States Studies Centre at University of Sydney. He is the author of eleven books, including National Defense, for which he received the 1983 National Book Award, Looking at the Sun (1994), Breaking the News (1996), Blind into Baghdad (2006), Postcards from Tomorrow Square (2009), China Airborne (2012), and Our Towns (2018).
 
詹姆斯·法洛斯

來自維琪百科，自由的百科全書
詹姆斯·麥肯齊·法洛斯（James Mackenzie Fallows，1949 年 8 月 2 日出生）是一位美國作家和記者。多年來，他一直擔任《大西洋月刊》的全國通訊員。他的作品還出現在 Slate、The New York Times Magazine、The New York Review of Books、The New Yorker 和 The American Prospect 等雜誌上。他是美國新聞與世界報導的前編輯，作為吉米·卡特總統的首席演講撰稿人兩年，他是有史以來最年輕的擔任該職位的人。
法洛斯曾在美國和中國的多所大學擔任客座教授，並擔任悉尼大學美國研究中心的美國媒體講座教授。他著有 11 本書，包括獲得 1983 年國家圖書獎的《國防》、《望日》（1994 年）、《爆料》（1996 年）、《盲目進入巴格達》（2006 年）、《明日廣場明信片》（2009 年）、 《中國騰飛》（2012 年）和《我們的城鎮》（2018 年）。
 
About Francis Chao
Page 108

關於 趙嘉國的敘述
第 108 頁

The trip of a number of international aviation enthusiasts to Weinan was part of the Forth Annual China General Aviation Forum. I had come along at the invitation of its organizer and impresario, Francis Chao, a Taiwanese-American in his fifties.
Around the beginning of the twenty-first century, Chao had begun to think that sooner or later, a business aviation boom was destined to come to China. The people then just starting to consider BMWs and Mercedes would eventually be looking to Lamborghinis and Bentleys, and after that to Gulfstreams and Learjets and fancy personal helicopters from brands like Robinson. As China’s road and rail networks improved, so eventually would its airports and aviation infrastructure. Chao had worked in the 1990s as a contractor for the U.S. Department of Defense, the FAA, and other federal agencies, providing interpretation and other support in their dealing with China. Early in the George W. Bush Administration, when a People’s Liberation Army naval fighter plane collided with a U.S. Navy EP-3 electronic-surveillance plane over the South China Sea, he worked with the Pentagon negotiating team to calm a potentially volatile confrontation.  A few months earlier, in a project for the EAA, he escorted a delegation from the CAAC to the Air Venture summer air show in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. So they could have a sense of the scale of general aviation in the United States and its potential for China. He sensed the potential too and decided that he could play a role in connecting an emerging aviation community in China with its established counterparts in the United States. The connections would include commercial ties, since many of the goods and services that Chinese customers would be looking for would come, at least initially, from companies and experts in the United States.

一些國際航空愛好者的渭南之行是第四屆中國通用航空論壇的一部分。我是應其組織者和企業家趙嘉國的邀請而來的，他是一位 50 多歲的臺灣裔美國人。大約在 21 世紀初，趙嘉國開始認為，公務航空的繁榮遲早會來到中國。然後，剛剛開始考慮寶馬和梅賽德斯的人們最終會把目光投向蘭博基尼和賓利，然後是灣流和里爾噴氣機以及 Robinson 等品牌的高檔私人直升機。隨著中國公路和鐵路網路的改善，其機場和航空基礎設施最終也會得到改善。趙嘉國曾在 1990 年代擔任美國國防部、美國聯邦航空局和其他聯邦機構的承包商，為他們與中國打交道提供口譯和其他支持。在小布希政府執政初期，當一架中國人民解放軍海軍戰鬥機在南海上空與一架美國海軍 EP-3 電子偵察機相撞時，他與五角大樓談判團隊合作，平息了一場可能動盪的對抗。 幾個月前，在 EAA 的一個項目中，他陪同 中國民航的一個代表團參加了在威斯康辛州奧什科什舉行的 Air Venture 夏季航展。因此，他們可以瞭解美國通用航空的規模及其在中國的潛力。他也感受到了這種潛力，並決定自己可以發揮作用，將中國新興的航空社區與美國的老牌航空界聯繫起來。這些聯繫包括商業聯繫，因為中國客戶正在尋找的許多商品和服務至少在最初階段來自美國的公司和專家。
 
The first time I met Chao, at an aerospace expo in Beijing in the fall of 2006, I didn’t fully appreciate how emblematic his chosen role was. As I traveled over the next few years to more parts of the country and watched more businesses in their high-speed and often unplanned process of development, I saw again and again the importance of the culture interpreter, or middleman, playing the Mr. China role. “Mr. China” was a term given jokey immortality by the British writer and businessman Tim Clissold, in his book of the same name. it referred to the crucial niche in the business ecology occupied by the Chinese or foreign intermediary who becomes an indispensable guide for outsiders hoping to do business in modern China. On one side are international companies large or small who sense that somehow they have to “get into” China because of its vast potential. On the other side are the complexities, confusions, and constant changes of customers and operating rules on the Chinese side.
The people who know how to make the connections are enormously valuable – and a large number of them, for natural linguistic and cultural reasons, are ethnically Chinese people like Chao from mainland China or Taiwan who had immigrated to or studied in the West. The middleman role naturally attracts its share of charlatans, and foreign companies often have to rely on hunch or trial and error to determine whether someone who is good at language and claims to “understand the real China” really has any business skills or knows what he is talking about.

2006 年秋天，在北京的一場航空航太博覽會上，我第一次見到趙嘉國時，我並沒有完全體會到他所選擇的角色那麽具有代表性意義。在接下來的幾年裡，我走訪了中國的更多地區，觀察了更多企業高速且往往是無計畫的發展過程，我一次又一次地看到文化解釋者或中間人扮演中國先生角色的重要性。“中國先生”是英國作家兼商人蒂姆·克利索爾德 （Tim Clissold） 在他的同名著作中被戲謔地賦予的不朽名詞。它指的是中國或外國仲介機構在商業生態中佔據的關鍵利基市場，他們成為希望在現代中國開展業務的外來者不可或缺的嚮導。一邊是大大小小的國際公司，他們覺得他們必須以某種方式“進入”中國，因為中國具有巨大的潛力。另一方面是中方客戶和運營規則的複雜性、混亂和不斷變化。知道如何建立聯繫的人非常有價值 - 出於自然語言和文化原因，他們中的很多人是像趙嘉國這樣來自中國大陸或臺灣的華裔人，他們移民到西方或在西方學習。中間人的角色自然會有一些江湖騙子混雜其中，外國公司往往不得不依靠直覺或試錯來判斷一個擅長語言、自稱“瞭解真實中國”的人，是否真的有任何商業技能，或者知道自己在說什麼。

Francis Chao does in fact have entrepreneurial and organizational skills, and he knows about aviation, and over the years he had cultivated contacts in China that would, he hoped, pay off whenever the aerospace boom finally came. In 1998, he published the first edition of the China Civil Aviation Report, which came out quarterly from his office in Northern California. Each summer starting in 2001 he organized a China General Aviation Forum, at which a rotating cast of Western business-people met their Chinese counterparts and discussed prospects for aviation in China. In the late 2000s, Chao also produced and distributed some forty thousand copies of a glossy 130-page Chinese-language booklet called What is General Aviation? as part of an effort to convince Chinese regulators of the benefits of opening up their airspace to private flight.
Francis Chao, page 108-115, 129, 160.
 
事實上，趙嘉國確實具有商業和組織的能力，他瞭解航空產業，多年來，他在中國建立了人脈，他希望當航空航太熱潮最終到來時，這些人脈都能得到回報。1998 年，他出版了第一期《民航報導》雜誌，每季度在他位於北加州的辦公室出版。從 2001 年開始，他每年夏天都會組織一次中國通用航空論壇，屆時西方商界人士會見中國同行，討論中國航空業的前景。在 2000 年後期，趙嘉國還製作並分發了大約 4 萬本 130 頁的彩色中文畫冊，名為《 什麼是通用航空 》 作為説明開放空域的好處並說服中國監管機構向私人飛行開放努力的一部分。
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趙嘉國，第 108-115、129、160 頁。